Reply to Bowen and Pettie

Reply to Comment of Smith and Pallasser on ``Factors controlling the origin of gas in Australian Bowen Basin coals''

Firstly, we wish to acknowledge the leadership and contribution that Smith and his various coworkers have made over the last three decades to the understanding of the origin of natural gas and coal seam gas, particularly through the use of stable isotopes. Our intention was in no way to criticise their views. Rather, as expressed in Boreham et al. (1998) our view was and remains ``that the orig...

Reply to R.L. Bowen et al, M. Froehner et al, J.L. Leow et al, and C. Brady et al.

Regarding our article on the association of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with increased Alzheimer’s disease risk, Bowen et al, Froehner and Wirth, Leow et al, and Brady et al highlight a number of significant considerations that will prove important in the design of future studies that investigate the association of ADT and Alzheimer’s disease. We agree with Bowen et al and Leow et al tha...

The Authors’ Reply

Extreme Bowen-York initial data

The Bowen-York family of spinning black hole initial data depends essentially on one, positive, free parameter. The extreme limit corresponds to making this parameter equal to zero. This choice represents a singular limit for the constraint equations. We prove that in this limit a new solution of the constraint equations is obtained. These initial data have similar properties to the extreme Ker...

Generalized Bowen–York Initial Data

A class of vacuum initial-data sets is described which are based on certain expressions for the extrinsic curvature first studied and employed by Bowen and York. These expressions play a role for the momentum constraint of General Relativity which is analogous to the role played by the Coulomb solution for the Gauss-law constraint of electromagnetism.